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10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.032 Fish Shellfish Immun

Cells have evolved a number of highly efficient redox systems that counteract uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, such as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), the FSP1-ubiquinone pathway, and the biopterin-dihydrofolate reductase system 4,8,9,10,11,12

Upon ischemic injury in stroke, neuronal HMGB1 is abundantly released into the extracellular space, both by active secretion and passive release, to accumulate in the ischemic core of the acute phase and to activate resident brain immune cells, leading to the recruitment of mononuclear cells that further amplify inflammation (Singh et al., 2016)