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Whilst smoking is not a primary cause like obesity or alcohol, research indicates that smokers with fatty liver tend to have more severe liver scarring (fibrosis) than non-smokers

That compares to a bloc-wide average of 18 percent

Effects of switching to the tobacco heating system 2.2 menthol, smoking abstinence, or continued cigarette smoking on biomarkers of exposure: a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter study in sequential confinement and ambulatory settings (Part 1)

Alternatively, because smoking is often a social behavior, many individuals may receive higher utility from smoking in a social setting than they would smoking at home or alone (Fowler and Christakis, 2008