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Furthermore, other cytokines, such as CXCL5/10/16, MMPs, Osteopontin, Proliferin, VEGF, and TNF are secreted from BC cells after E-cig treatment, which prompts tumor progression and metastasis (Fig

In addition, human clinical studies have revealed great variability in the physiological and biochemical responses between patients, and they usually do not allow direct comparisons of smoke exposure versus no exposure in the same individual

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Physically, smoking often and deeplysimilar to tobaccocan increase respiratory risks