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Nevertheless, at high concentrations, and in the presence of catalytic metal ions such as ferric iron (Fe 3+ ), VC can also have a pro-oxidative behavior through an indirect contribution in the Fenton reaction [6]

2 The side effects of L-dopa can include motor complications, particularly fluctuations and dyskinesias, as well as nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, hallucinations, and delusions

For example, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the TCA cycle are major biometabolic pathways, which take place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively (Site of glycolysis: cytoplasmic matrix

Third, adaptive clinical trial designs involving larger patient cohorts and multi-center validation will be crucial to demonstrate efficacy beyond preclinical promise