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doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55924-7 75 GrattanS

The absorbance was measured at 450 nm using an enzyme marker (BioTek, Gen 5), and the growth rate of cells was calculated as follows: where A blank is the absorbance of the wells without cells, and A control and A test are the absorbances of the control and treated cells, respectively

Indeed, the mechanisms involved in E2-mediated proliferation are associated with the inhibition of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, which, in turn, generates the downstream activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and, consequently, the release of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) that promote the progression of the cell cycle by activating diverse transcription factors (Gompel et al., 2004)