Caffeinated beverages have a mild diuretic effect and should not be your primary hydration source
Abbreviations XSJ: Xiasangju MASH: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease CDAHFD: Choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet UPLC-Q-TOFMS: Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine ECM: Extracellular matrix HSC: Hepatic sellate cell -SMA: Alpha smooth muscle actin Col1a1: Collagen type I alpha 1 TGF-1: Transforming growth factor beta 1 Smad3: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 PI3K: Phosphoinositide-3 kinase AKT: Protein kinase B Hmox1: Heme oxygenase 1 Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ALT: Alanine aminotransferase AST: Aspartate aminotransferase TC: Total cholesterol TG: Triglycerides MDA: Malondialdehyde SOD: Superoxide dismutase CAT: Catalase GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase IL-1: Interleukin-1 IL-6: Interleukin-6 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- GO: Gene ontology KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes RT-qPCR: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction PLS-DA: Partial least squares discriminant analysis DMs: Differential metabolites DEGs: Differentially expressed genes Msmo1: Methylsterol monooxygenase 1 Cyp51: Cytochrome P450 51 Sqle: Squalene monooxygenase PCSK9: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Batf: Basic leucine zipper ATF-Like transcription factor Ticam2: Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein 2 Trim29: Tripartite motif-containing 29 Timp4: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 Thbs1: Thrombospondin 1 Mthfd2: Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 PPI: Proteinprotein interaction References Miao L, Targher G, Byrne CD, Cao Y-Y, Zheng M-H
Chakurkar V, Rajapurkar M, Lele S, Mukhopadhyay B, Lobo V, Injarapu R, et al
A stack involving CJC-1295, ipamorelin, or AOD-9604 may be aimed more at body composition, recovery, or fat metabolism, but the weight-loss evidence for these combinations is less established
