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2 Disease mechanism The pathogenesis of PBC is largely unclear

Oral delivery poses a challenge due to peptide degradation, prompting investigations into salt-form optimization

Results Oxidative stress in FH-deficient cells To elucidate the metabolic changes that occur on the loss of FH, we utilized the previously characterized mouse FH-deficient kidney cells ( Fh1 / ) and their wild-type (wt) isogenic control ( Fh1 fl/fl ) (ref

Key markers include fasting glucose and insulin (to assess insulin sensitivity), HbA1c (long-term glucose regulation), lipid panel (triglycerides, HDL, LDL), resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry, and body composition via DEXA scan (to differentiate fat loss from lean mass changes)