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460 Astrocytes may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia through an increased production of NMDA receptor blocker kynurenic acid, which may also link risk of schizophrenia with infection as described in the previous chapter

These include hydroxyl, superoxide and nitric oxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and peroxynitrite (Figure 1)

10.1002/mas.21858 34 LebedeM.Di MarcoF.Esser-SkalaW.HennigR.WohlschlagerT.HuberC

Glyoxalase system in neurons and astrocytes Direct assessment of the intrinsic glyoxalase system capacities in both neurons and astrocytes has been done using mouse primary cortical cultures (Blanger et al., In both cell types, Glo-1 activity rate was markedly higher compared to Glo-2 supporting the view that the rapid conversion of MG and GSH to S-D-Lactoylglutathione represents a critical step in the cellular defense against MG toxicity (Thornalley, 2008)