nac n-acetylcysteine supplement flu symptoms glutathione Clinical Applications Therapeutic role of N-acetyl cysteine

1 Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells, manifests clinically through CRAB criteria: hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, anemia, and osteolytic lesions ( Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation, was first characterized by Dixon et al., in 2012 through studies on erastin and RAS-selective lethal compounds (Zhang et al., 2022

The accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in hepatocytes can cause apoptosis by activating the death receptor DR5 while promoting macrophage activation through pro-inflammatory exosomes [36]

ARID1A mutations, primarily nonsense or frameshift types, are more common in endometriotic epithelial cells and lead to reduced or absent ARID1A protein (108), These mutations are often linked to malignant transformation, as normal ARID1A expression is retained in non-cancerous endometriotic tissues (117)

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