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Mitochondrial protein import stress augments -synuclein aggregation and neurodegeneration independent of bioenergetics

In contrast, we observed a higher arginine/proline media ratio (higher metabolite concentrations in arginine medium compared to proline medium) for succinate, cis -aconitate, citrate, norleucine, -alanine, creatinine, citramalate, lysine, aspartate, isoleucine, and 10,13-dimethyltetradecanoate in gdh3 / gdh3 mutants compared to wild type (Fig

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Cells from these patients display increased oxidative stress as a consequence of elevated levels of ROS, increased oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, diminished capacity to scavenge ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction.1812 Furthermore, ATM is directly activated by oxidative stress19 and can exert antioxidant activity through regulation of the pentose-phosphate pathway.20 Recent evidence suggests that ATM might regulate oxidative stress through NRF2