Persons with HIV Progressive immunodeficiency from poorly controlled HIV can lead to reactivation of HBV in persons with chronic HBV infection and can even lead to reverse seroconversion in HBV patients who recovered from HBV infection (e.g., HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive) through a gradual loss of anti-HBs and re-emergence of HBsAg with ALT elevation.[1,64,65,66,67,68] In addition, many antiviral medications commonly used to treat or prevent HIV (tenofovir DF, tenofovir alafenamide, lamivudine, and emtricitabine) also have activity against HBV, and HBV flares can occur when these antiretroviral medications with HBV activity are discontinued.[1,69] Summary Points Reactivation of HBV most often occurs in persons with underlying immunosuppression or in those who initiate immunosuppressive medications
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Wochner et al., 1974) and recent research ( i.e
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