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In addition, astrocytic connexin channels, which regulate the transport of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutamine and glucose, exhibit altered expression patterns in disease states, shifting astrocytes toward either a neuroprotective or neurotoxic metabolic profile 76

This study suggests that melatonin pretreatment inhibits radiation-induced apoptosis, and melatonin exerts its radioprotective effect by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and without any involvement of the p53/p21 pathway

Biochem J 345(Pt 2):271-278 Aust SD, Morehouse LA, Thomas CE (1985) Role of metals in oxygen radical reactions

False negative: the test result is negative, but the person does have the disease