cigarette smoking reduces life expectancy by Who's now, and why it matters Each cigarette reduces 20 minutes
Each cigarette reduces 20 minutes of life Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors PMC The impact of smoking on longevity is measurable, not abstract. Large population studies estimate that each cigarette smoked shortens life expectancy by several minutes, adding up significantly over time. This effect is Reduced Life Expectancy due to Smoking in Large Scale Cohort Studies in Japan PMC
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