l-carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect? γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate

Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Gut Microbiota Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target PMC Effects of choline metabolitetrimethylamine N oxide on immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel disease Frontiers Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications

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