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Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26(12):26662672 Zhang X, Zheng Y, Fried LE, Du Y, Montano SJ, Sohn A, Lu J (2011) Disruption of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system as a cell death mechanism of cationic triphenylmethanes

Their functional plasticity, shifting between inflammatory, repair, or anti-inflammatory states, depends on metabolic adaptation and lipid remodeling, including choline uptake and phospholipid reorganization ( 2.1.1 Macrophages and dendritic cells Macrophage functions, such as cytokine and chemokine secretion, phagocytosis, and organelle biogenesis, are intricately linked to membrane phospholipid composition, curvature, and charge ( Figure 3 )

Most extensive research into the relationship between gut microbiota and its role has been done in primary GI disorders including IBDs (Lloyd-Price et al., 2019), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Mars et al., 2020), colorectal cancer (CRC) (Tilg et al., 2018), chronic liver diseases (Trebicka et al., 2021) or pancreatic disorders (Riquelme et al., 2019)