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doi: 10.1093/jn/108.5.773 34 AsanoARomanHBHirschbergerLLUshiyamaANelsonJLHinchmanMMet al

214,215,216,217 Additionally, sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) exhibit altered phenotypes, such as reduced neurofilament synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and changes in key plasticity molecules, such as growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) and heat shock proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of peripheral nerve function

22 Current treatment options include metformin, clomiphene, and letrozole

Mitochondrial -oxidation of VPA involves its transport within 2 the mitochondrial matrix, using the same pathway as do long-chain fatty acids