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E N D Presentation Transcript PHASE II DRUG METABOLISM: Glucuronidation and Sulfation General properties of Phase II metabolism Introduction to glucuronidation Substrates for UGTs UGT structure Properties of glucuronides Methods to characterize glucuronides Disposition and reactions of glucuronides UGT pharmacogenetics, polymorphism, variability Sulfotransferases N-Acetylation, Aminoacid conjugation, Glutathione conjugation Smith, Phase II Metabolism, UNC Chapel Hill, 8/2012 Recommended Reading: Gonzales and Tukey, Drug Metabolism, In: Goodman and Gilmans, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th Edition, 2005, Chapter 3

Furthermore, descending inhibitory pathways, which modulate the visceral pain signal by releasing neurotransmitters such as opioids, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT [94], are down-regulated in IBS patients as indicated by an increased somatic sensitivity [95]

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Sections (4 m) were cut and stained for Ki67 (1:100 Thermo RM-9106), Cytokeratin (Cytokeratin, Pan Ab-1, Mouse Monoclonal Antibody 1:100, Thermo, MS-34) and p21 (1:500 Santa Cruz, sc471)