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Paeonol prevents excitotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells via downregulation of ERK activation and inhibition of apoptosis

Many research protocols explore both peptides simultaneously for injury recovery

Dosage protocols can vary depending on the intended use, treatment plan, and healthcare provider recommendations

Preclinical studies have shown that ferroptosis-preventing therapies, such as the GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), iron-chelating agents like deferoxamine (DFO) and deferiprone (DFP), and specific ferroptosis inhibitors like ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), can alleviate neurodegeneration and improve motor symptoms in PD animal models ( In this comprehensive review, we aim to summarize the multifaceted roles of ferroptosis in PD pathogenesis, elucidate the links between PD-associated pathogenic proteins and ferroptosis, and provide an overview of current clinical trials and the potential of ferroptosis in the early diagnosis and treatment of PD