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Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8 software (GraphPad Software, USA)

Furthermore, lactate has emerged as a key player in immune regulation, with evidence pointing to its impact on immune cell function through mechanisms such as receptor signaling via GPR81 and histone lactylation, which are closely linked to its immune-modulatory effects [16]

Within this framework, each burst of electron transfer reactions hinders apical exocytosis to trigger an attack of pancreatitis by interfering with the methionine-to -GSH metabolic pathway, which interacts closely with ascorbate and selenium

In addition, the central clock system can regulate the rhythmic release of hormones such as melatonin and cortisol by linking to the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems independently of sleep-driving hormones and other rhythms (Nicolaides et al., 2014)