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These cells are also specialized to recognize bacterial-derived molecules, known as prokaryotic-associated molecular patterns, with the help of the Toll-like receptors on the cell surface and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors in the cytoplasm, which activate defense mechanisms by the secretion of anti-microbial peptides 2

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(2008) The x c cystine/glutamate antiporter: a potential target for therapy of cancer and other diseases, J

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