Compared to healthy states, their subgingival microbiota displays dysbiosis, characterised by increased pathogenic bacteria and reduced beneficial bacteria
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, -CH(R a )OPO(OH)2, -CO-Y, -i-PO(OY) 2 , --PO(OH) 2 , -C(=0)-Y, -CO-U, -C(=0)-(CH 2 )rU, and -CH 2 -V, where R a is hydrogen or CH 3 , where Y is -Z-(CH 2 )q-W-R b , q is 0-4, where Z and W are independently selected from the group consisting of: CH 2 , O, S, R C and R b , where R c is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, R b is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 substituted alkyl, C1-C12 alkenyl, C1-C12 substituted alkenyl, C1-C12 alkynyl, C1-C12 substituted alkynyl, C 3 -Cs cycloalkyl, C 3 -Cs substituted cycloalkyl, C 6 -Cio aryl, C 6 -Cio substituted aryl, C 3 -Cs heterocycloalkyl, C 3 -Cs substituted heterocycloalkyl, C4-C10 heteroaryl, and C4-C10 substituted heteroaryl, where r is 0-5, U is selected from aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, where V is -0-C(=0)-Q-(CH 2 )r-R d , where Q is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, O, and N(R C ), where R d is selected from the group consisting of: C6-C10 aryl, C4-C10 heteroaryl, C 3 -Cs heterocycloalkyl, a hexose, a pentose, and - (5-methyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl), or alternatively -C(=0)-Y forms an amide bond thru a nitrogen atom on Y in which case Y is a selected from the group consisting of: glycine, sarcosine, ,-diemthyl glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, ornithine, arigine, serine, and theronine
It can be taken together with CoQ10 for energy, as it simplifies the conversion of the coenzyme with an antioxidant function into its active form to protect cells from damage
PMID 25064324
