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Results In vitro study The radiochemical purity of [ 14 C]pudexacianinium was 93.4% throughout the study

Respiratory chain activity and amino acid synthesis Mitochondrial OXPHOS is central to cellular energy production

Thus, mitochondria are pivotal in regulating apoptosis mediated by iron and induced by cysteine deficiency (Gao et al., 2019) (Figure 1)

One intriguing recent discovery is that gut microbes can produce small amounts of ammonia and other compounds that affect brain metabolism: a 2025 study showed that manipulating the gut microbiome altered brain amino acid levels and stress susceptibility in mice, partly via microbe-derived ammonia affecting neurotransmitter cycling [88]