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The role of FXIIIa in hemostasis is well-recognized, but it also affects various other physiological processes

Specifically, butyrate increases microbial diversity and supports the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes , Bacteroides , Prevotella , and Ruminococcus , while simultaneously reducing harmful pathogens like Proteobacteria and Escherichia/Shigella [13,14]

Glycolysis becomes increasingly active following major genome activation, supporting the elevated energy demand required for cell proliferation, blastocoel formation, and blastocyst expansion (Fig

It helps modulate the immune response, ensuring that the body's defenses are neither underactive or overactive