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Reasons for Vitamin B12 Injections B12 injections may be prescribed for two main reasons: To correct a diagnosed vitamin B12 deficiency To help manage or prevent certain medical conditions Vitamin B12 Deficiencies Deficiency can occur for many reasons, including: Pernicious anemia Gastrointestinal or autoimmune disorders Alcoholism History of bariatric surgery Strict vegetarian or vegan diets Long-term use of antacids or proton pump inhibitors Aging, as absorption naturally decreases over time Conditions Vitamin B12 May Help Improve In addition to correcting deficiencies, B12 is sometimes recommended to help manage or prevent: Memory loss, Alzheimers disease, or other dementia Fatigue or poor concentration Weakened immune function Heart, kidney, or liver disease Infertility Osteoporosis Allergies or asthma Tinnitus Skin conditions Lyme disease In some cases, oral supplements or nasal B12 gels may be suggested